ʻO ka oxide ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka ʻeleʻele ka uhi hoʻololi ʻana no nā mea ferrous, ke kila kuhili ʻole, ke keleawe a me ke keleawe i hoʻokumu ʻia, zinc, pauda metala, a me ka solder kālā.[1]Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻino ʻana, no ka nānā ʻana, a e hōʻemi i ka noʻonoʻo māmā.[2]No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻino ʻoi loa, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka oxide ʻeleʻele me ka aila a i ʻole ka wax.[3]ʻO kekahi o kāna mau mea maikaʻi ma mua o nā uhi ʻē aʻe ʻo kona kūkulu liʻiliʻi.
1.Ferrous mea
He magnetite (Fe3O4) kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka mīkini ma luna o ka ʻili a hāʻawi i ka pale corrosion ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻulaʻula (rust) Fe2O3.ʻO nā ʻano hana ʻenehana hou no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka oxide ʻeleʻele e pili ana i nā kaʻina wela a me ka waena waena i wehewehe ʻia ma lalo nei.Hiki ke hana ʻia ka oxide e kahi kaʻina electrolytic i ka anodizing.Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano kuʻuna ma ka ʻatikala e pili ana i ka bluing.He mea hoihoi ia ma ka mōʻaukala, a he mea pono hoʻi no ka poʻe leʻaleʻa e hana i ka oxide ʻeleʻele me ka palekana me nā mea liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻole o nā mea ʻona.
ʻO ka oxide wela haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi i wehewehe ʻia ma lalo nei, ʻaʻole ia he uhi hoʻololi-ʻaʻole e hoʻoheheʻe ke kaʻina haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka hao, akā waiho i kahi hui keleawe selenium.
1.1 ʻOkisa ʻeleʻele wela
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻauʻau wela o ka sodium hydroxide, nitrates, a me nā nitrites ma 141 °C (286 °F) e hoʻololi i ka ʻili o ka mea i magnetite (Fe3O4).Pono e hoʻohui i ka wai i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka ʻauʻau, me nā mana kūpono e pale ai i ka pahū mahu.
ʻO ka ʻeleʻele wela ke komo ʻana i ka ʻāpana i loko o nā pahu like ʻole.Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka mea hana e nā mea lawe ʻokoʻa no ka lawe ʻana ma waena o nā pahu.Aia i loko o kēia mau pahu, ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe alkaline, ka wai, ka soda caustic ma 140.5 °C (284.9 °F) (ka hui ʻeleʻele), a ʻo ka hope ka sealant, ʻo ia ka ʻaila maʻamau.Hoʻokumu ka soda a me ka wela kiʻekiʻe i ka Fe3O4 (ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele) ma luna o ka ʻili o ka metala ma kahi o Fe2O3 (ʻokikene ʻulaʻula; ʻōpala).ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ke kino ma mua o ka ʻokikene ʻulaʻula, ua porous ka ʻokikene ʻeleʻele hou, no laila e hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻaila i ka ʻāpana wela, kahi e hoʻopaʻa ai iā ia ma ka "poho" i loko.Mālama ka hui ʻana i ka corrosion o ka mea hana.Nui nā pōmaikaʻi o ka ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka mea nui:
Hiki ke hana ʻeleʻele i nā ʻāpana nui (kūpono no nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi).
ʻAʻohe hopena nui (ʻo ke kaʻina hana ʻeleʻele e hana i kahi papa ma kahi o 1 µm mānoanoa).
He ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā ʻōnaehana pale corrosion like, e like me ka pena a me ka electroplating.
ʻO MIL-DTL-13924 ka mea kikoʻī kahiko loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka oxide ʻeleʻele wela, e uhi ana i ʻehā mau papa hana no nā substrate like ʻole.ʻO nā kikoʻī ʻē aʻe ʻo AMS 2485, ASTM D769, a me ISO 11408.
ʻO kēia ke kaʻina hana i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻeleʻele i nā kaula uwea no nā hana keaka a me nā hopena lele.
1.2 ʻOkika ʻeleʻele waena waena
E like me ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele wela, hoʻololi ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma waena o ka wela i ka ʻili o ka metala i magnetite (Fe3O4).Eia naʻe, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele waena ma kahi mahana o 90–120 °C (194–248 °F), ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele wela.He mea maikaʻi kēia no ka mea aia ma lalo o ke kumu hoʻolapalapa o ka hopena, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe ʻuhu kumu i hana ʻia.
Ma muli o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele waena me ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele wela, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i ka kikoʻī pūʻali koa MIL-DTL-13924, a me AMS 2485.
1.3 ʻOke ʻeleʻele anu
Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻokikene ʻeleʻele anuanu, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ka wela lumi, ma kahi mahana o 20–30 °C (68–86 °F).ʻAʻole ia he uhi hoʻololi oxide, akā he pūhui keleawe selenium i waiho ʻia.Hāʻawi ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele anuanu i ka huahana kiʻekiʻe a maʻalahi no ka ʻeleʻele i loko o ka hale.Hoʻopuka kēia uhi i ke kala like me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka oxide, akā maʻalahi ka ʻoki ʻana a hāʻawi i ka pale ʻana i ka abrasion.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aila, wax, a i ʻole lacquer e lawe mai i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion e like me ka wela a me ka wela waena.Hoʻokahi noi no ke kaʻina hana ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma ka mea hana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hale ma ke kila (patina no ke kila).Ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ke anuanu bluing.
2. Ke keleawe
Hōʻike manaʻo kikoʻī o ka cupric oxide.svg
ʻO ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele no ke keleawe, i kekahi manawa i ʻike ʻia e ka inoa kālepa ʻo Ebonol C, e hoʻohuli i ka ʻili keleawe i ka ʻokikene kīʻaha.No ke kaʻina hana i ka ili he 65% keleawe;no nā ʻili keleawe i emi iho ma lalo o 90% keleawe, pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻia me kahi lāʻau hoʻōla.Paʻa kemika a pili loa ka uhi ʻana.Paʻa ia a hiki i 400 °F (204 °C);ma luna o kēia mahana ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka uhi ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke keleawe kumu.No ka hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, hiki ke ʻaila ʻia ka ʻili, lacquered, a i ʻole ka waxed.Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua no ka pena kiʻi a i ʻole enamelling.ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili he satin maʻamau, akā hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka ʻālohilohi ma ka uhi ʻana i kahi enamel kiʻekiʻe.
Ma ka microscopic unahiʻu dendrites puka ma luna o ka ili hope, e pahele malamalama a hoonui absorptivity.Ma muli o kēia waiwai, hoʻohana ʻia ka uhi i ka aerospace, microscopy a me nā noi optical ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi i ka noʻonoʻo māmā.
Ma nā papa kaapuni i pai ʻia (PCB), ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻohe ʻeleʻele e hāʻawi i ka hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻana no nā papa laminate fiberglass.Hoʻokomo ʻia ka PCB i loko o kahi ʻauʻau i loaʻa ka hydroxide, hypochlorite, a me ke kīʻaha, e pau ana i nā ʻāpana ʻekolu.Hōʻike kēia i ka hele ʻana o ka ʻeleʻele keleawe oxide mai ke kīʻaha a he hapa mai ka PCB keleawe circuitry.Ma lalo o ka hoʻokolohua microscopic, ʻaʻohe ʻāpana keleawe (I) oxide.
ʻO MIL-F-495E kahi kikoʻī pūʻali koa US pili.
3. Ke kila kila
ʻO ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele wela no ke kila kila ka hui ʻana o nā paʻakai caustic, oxidizing, a me ka sulfur.ʻEleʻele ʻo ia i ka moʻo 300 a me 400 a me nā mea hao kila kila 17-4 PH paʻakikī.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hopena ma luna o ka hao hao a me ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Hoʻopili ka hopena hopena me ka kikoʻī pūʻali koa MIL-DTL–13924D Class 4 a hāʻawi i ke kūpaʻa abrasion.Hoʻohana ʻia ka pau ʻana o ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma nā mea hana ʻoki i nā wahi māmā e hoʻemi i ka luhi o ka maka.
ʻO ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o ka lumi wela no ke kila kila ma ka hopena auto-catalytic o ke keleawe-selenide e waiho ana ma ka ʻili kuhili.Hāʻawi ia i ka liʻiliʻi o ka abrasion kūʻē a me ka pale corrosion like me ke kaʻina hana ʻeleʻele wela.Hoʻokahi noi no ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o ka lumi i loko o nā hale kūkulu hale (patina no ke kila kila).
4. Zinc
ʻIke ʻia ka ʻokikene ʻeleʻele no ka zinc ma ka inoa kālepa ʻo Ebonol Z. ʻO kahi huahana ʻē aʻe ʻo Ultra-Blak 460, ka mea e ʻeleʻele ai i nā ʻāpana zinc-plated a me ka galvanized me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i nā chrome a me ka zinc die-casts.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-23-2021