Hoʻolaha wikiwiki

He mīkini prototyping wikiwiki e hoʻohana ana i ka sintering laser koho (SLS)

3D kŘkohu slicing
ʻO ka prototyping wikiwiki kahi pūʻulu o nā ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana wikiwiki ʻana i kahi kumu hoʻohālike o kahi ʻāpana kino a i ʻole hui e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻikepili hoʻolālā kōkua kamepiula (CAD) ʻekolu.Hana ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka ʻāpana a i ʻole ka hui ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paʻi 3D a i ʻole ka ʻenehana "additive layer manufacturing".

Loaʻa nā ala mua no ka prototyping wikiwiki i ka waena o 1980s a ua hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā ʻāpana prototype.I kēia lā, hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka nui o nā noi a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i nā helu liʻiliʻi inā makemake ʻia me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokele waiwai pōkole.Ua paipai kēia ʻoihana i nā keʻena lawelawe pūnaewele.Hoʻomaka nā noiʻi mōʻaukala o ka ʻenehana RP me nā kūkākūkā o nā ʻenehana hana simulacra i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea kālai kiʻi o ka makahiki 19.Hoʻohana kekahi poʻe kālai kiʻi hou i ka ʻenehana progeny e hana i nā hōʻikeʻike a me nā mea like ʻole.ʻO ka hiki ke hana hou i nā manaʻo mai kahi papa helu i hoʻopuka i nā pilikia o nā kuleana, no ka mea hiki i kēia manawa ke hoʻopili i ka ʻikepili volumetric mai nā kiʻi hoʻokahi.

E like me ka CNC subtractive hana, ka lolouila-aided-design - computer-aided manufacturing CAD -CAM workflow i ka hana kuʻuna prototyping wikiwiki e hoʻomaka me ka hana ʻana i ka ʻikepili geometric, a i ʻole he 3D paʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi CAD workstation, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana 2D me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi. mea ʻimi ʻimi.No ka prototyping wikiwiki, pono e hōʻike kēia ʻikepili i kahi kumu hoʻohālike geometric kūpono;ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka mea nona nā ʻili palena e hoʻopili i ka leo palena ʻole, ʻaʻohe puka e hōʻike ana i loko, ʻaʻole e pelu i hope.I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, pono e loaʻa i ka mea "loko".He kūpono ke kŘkohu inā no kēlā me kēia kiko ma kahi ākea 3D hiki i ke kamepiula ke ho'oholo kū'oko'a inā aia kēlā kiko i loko, ma, a ma waho paha o ka ili palena o ke kŘkohu.E pili ana ka CAD post-processors i nā ʻano geometric CAD kūloko o nā mea kūʻai noi (e laʻa, B-splines) me kahi ʻano makemakika maʻalahi, a ua hōʻike ʻia i loko o kahi hōpili ʻikepili kikoʻī kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i ka hana hoʻohui: STL file format, he maʻamau de facto no ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona geometric paʻa i nā mīkini SFF.

No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ala hoʻokele e pono ai e hoʻokele i ka SFF maoli, ka prototyping wikiwiki, ka paʻi 3D a i ʻole ka mīkini hana hoʻohui, ʻoki ʻia ke ʻano geometric i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i loko o nā papa, a nānā ʻia nā ʻāpana i nā laina (e hana ana i kahi "2D kiʻi" i hoʻohana ʻia e hana. trajectory e like me ka CNC's toolpath), mimicking in reverse the layer-to-layer physical building process.

1. Nā wahi noi
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka prototyping wikiwiki i ka ʻenekinia lako polokalamu e hoʻāʻo ai i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻoihana hou a me nā hoʻolālā noiʻi e like me Aerospace, Automotive, Financial Services, Product development, and Healthcare.Ke hilinaʻi nei ka hoʻolālā Aerospace a me nā hui ʻoihana i ka prototyping i mea e hana ai i nā ala AM hou i ka ʻoihana.Me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā SLA hiki iā lākou ke hana wikiwiki i nā mana he nui o kā lākou papahana i loko o kekahi mau lā a hoʻomaka wikiwiki i ka hoʻāʻo.Hāʻawi ka Rapid Prototyping i nā mea hoʻolālā/mea hoʻomohala e hāʻawi i ka manaʻo pololei o ka hopena o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka manawa a me ke kālā i ka prototype.Hoʻohana ʻia ka paʻi 3D no Rapid Prototyping e hiki ai ke hana i ka paʻi 3D Industrial.Me kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā ʻāpana nui i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa e puhi wikiwiki ʻia i loko o kahi manawa pōkole.

2. Moolelo
I ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Joseph Henry Condon a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma Bell Labs i ka Unix Circuit Design System (UCDS), me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana paʻakikī a me ka hewa o ka hoʻololi lima lima i nā kiʻi e hana i nā papa kaapuni no ke kumu o ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.

Ma ka makahiki 1980, ua koi ʻia nā mea hana kulekele a me nā luna ʻoihana ʻAmelika e hoʻomaopopo i ka pau ʻana o ka noho aliʻi ʻana o ʻAmelika ma ke kahua o ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana mīkini, i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pilikia mea hana mīkini.Nui nā papahana i ʻimi e kūʻē i kēia mau ʻano ma ka ʻāpana CNC CAM kuʻuna, i hoʻomaka i ka US.Ma hope mai i ka wā i neʻe aku ai ʻo Rapid Prototyping Systems i waho o nā labs e kūʻai ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā hana ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa a ʻaʻole e loaʻa i nā ʻoihana prototyping wikiwiki ʻo US ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi alakaʻi.He umbrella ka National Science Foundation no ka National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), ka US Department of Energy, ka US Department of Commerce NIST, ka US Department of Defense, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), a me ke Keʻena o Ua hoʻonohonoho ka Naval Research i nā haʻawina e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea hoʻolālā hoʻolālā i kā lākou kūkākūkā.ʻO kekahi o ia hōʻike ʻo ia ka 1997 Rapid Prototyping ma ʻEulopa a me Iapana Panel Report kahi i hāʻawi ai ʻo Joseph J. Beaman i hoʻokumu i ka DTM Corporation i kahi hiʻohiʻona mōʻaukala:

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kumu o ka ʻenehana prototyping wikiwiki i nā hana i ka topography a me nā kiʻi kiʻi.I loko o TOPOGRAPHY Blanther (1892) ua manaʻo ʻo ia i kahi ʻano papa no ka hana ʻana i ka poʻi no nā palapala ʻāina topographical pepa kōkua.Ua noi ʻo Matsubara (1974) o Mitsubishi i kahi kaʻina hana topographical me ka resin photopolymer hoʻopaʻa paʻi kiʻi e hana i nā ʻāpana lahilahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hana i ka poni.ʻO PHOTOSCULPTURE kahi ʻenehana o ka makahiki 19 no ka hana ʻana i nā kope kikoʻī ʻekolu o nā mea.ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ʻo Francois Willeme (1860) i hoʻonoho i 24 kiʻi paʻi kiʻi i loko o kahi pūʻulu pōʻai a paʻi i kekahi mea.Hoʻohana ʻia ka silhouette o kēlā me kēia kiʻi e kālai i kahi kope.Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Morioka (1935, 1944) i kahi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi hybrid a me ke kaʻina topographic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kukui i kūkulu ʻia no ke kiʻi ʻana i nā laina contour o kahi mea.A laila hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia nā laina i ʻāpana a ʻokiʻoki a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a i ʻole e kau ʻia ma luna o nā mea waiwai no ke kālai ʻana.Na ka Munz (1956) Kaʻina hana i hoʻopuka hou i ke kiʻi ʻekolu-dimensional o kekahi mea ma ke koho ʻana i ka wehe ʻana, papa ma ka papa, kahi emulsion kiʻi ma kahi piston hoʻohaʻahaʻa.Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, loaʻa kahi kiʻi o ka mea i loko o kahi pahu aniani paʻa.

— Joseph J. Beaman
"The Origins of Rapid Prototyping - ʻO RP ke kumu mai ka ʻoihana CAD e ulu mau nei, ʻoi aku ka kikoʻī, ka ʻaoʻao hoʻohālike paʻa o CAD.Ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻohālike paʻa i ka hopena o ka makahiki 1980, ua hana ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ʻekolu-dimensional me nā kiʻi uea a me nā ʻili.ʻAʻole naʻe a hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻohālike paʻa maoli e hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia nā kaʻina hana hou e like me RP.ʻO Charles Hull, nāna i kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o 3D Systems ma 1986, hoʻomohala i ka hana RP mua.ʻO kēia kaʻina hana, i kapa ʻia ʻo stereolithography, ke kūkulu nei i nā mea ma ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻāpana lahilahi o kekahi mau resins wai hoʻonaʻauao ultraviolet me kahi laser haʻahaʻa.Me ka hoʻokomo ʻana o RP, hiki koke mai nā hiʻohiʻona paʻa CAD i ke ola".

ʻO nā ʻenehana i kapa ʻia ʻo Solid Freeform Fabrication ka mea a mākou e ʻike ai i kēia lā he prototyping wikiwiki, paʻi 3D a i ʻole hana hoʻohui: Swainson (1977), Schwerzel (1984) i hana i ka polymerization o kahi polymer photosensitive ma ke kuʻekuʻe ʻana o ʻelua mau kukuna laser hoʻomalu ʻia.Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Ciraud (1972) i ka hoʻoheheʻe magnetostatic a i ʻole electrostatic me ke kukui uila, laser a i ʻole plasma no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻili.Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau mea akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia inā ua kūkulu ʻia nā mīkini hana.ʻO Hideo Kodama o Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute ka mea mua i hoʻopuka i kahi moʻolelo o kahi kumu hoʻohālike paʻa i hana ʻia me ka ʻōnaehana prototyping wikiwiki kiʻi photopolymer (1981).ʻO ka ʻōnaehana prototyping wikiwiki 3D mua loa e hilinaʻi ana i ka Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) i hana ʻia ma ʻApelila 1992 e Stratasys akā ʻaʻole i hoʻopuka ʻia ka patent a hiki i Iune 9, 1992. Ua hoʻokomo ʻo Sanders Prototype, Inc i ka mīkini paʻi 3D inkjet mua (3DP) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hou mai ʻAukake 4,1992 (Helinski), Modelmaker 6Pro i ka hopena o 1993 a laila ka mea paʻi 3D ʻoihana nui, Modelmaker 2, ma 1997. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Z-Corp e hoʻohana ana i ka pauka MIT 3DP no ka Direct Shell Casting (DSP) i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1993. ka mākeke ma 1995. ʻOiai i kēlā lā mua ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻenehana he wahi i ka hana hana.ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka ikaika haʻahaʻa i loaʻa ka waiwai i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻolālā, ka hana ʻana, nā jigs a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.Ua holomua nā huahana i nā hoʻohana kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe.Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Sanders Prototype, Inc. (Solidscape) ma ke ʻano he Rapid Prototyping 3D Printing me ka Modelmaker 6Pro no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano Thermoplas tic o nā ʻano CAD e hoʻohana ana i ka Drop-On-Demand (DOD) inkjet single nozzle ʻenehana.

Ke ʻimi mau ʻia nei nā mea hou, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wikiwiki a me ka hiki ke hoʻokō i nā noi hana nui.ʻO kahi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi i kaʻana like ʻia e RP me nā wahi CNC pili ʻo ia ka freeware open-source o nā noi kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokumu i kahi pahu hana CAD-CAM holoʻokoʻa.Ua hana kēia i kahi kaiāulu o nā mea hana hāmeʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Ua hana ʻo Hobbyists i nā hoʻolālā ʻoi aku ka koi ʻana i nā mea hoʻolālā laser

ʻO ka papa inoa mua loa o RP Processes or Fabrication Technologies i paʻi ʻia ma 1993 na Marshall Burns i kākau a wehewehe pono i kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana.He inoa pū kekahi i nā ʻenehana i hoʻomaka mua i nā inoa ma ka papa inoa ma lalo nei.No ka laʻana: Ua hana wale ʻo Visual Impact Corporation i kahi paʻi prototype no ka waiho ʻana i ka wax a laila hāʻawi i ka laikini iā ​​Sanders Prototype, Inc.Ua hoʻohana ʻo BPM i nā inkjet a me nā mea like.